8/31/2023 0 Comments Extracellular fluid volumeVolume depletion versus dehydration: how understanding the difference can guide therapy. This hypertonicity implies intracellular water contraction whereas volume depletion implies blood volume contraction. Dehydration implies a total body water deficit, alone or in excess of sodium loss, with a subsequent increase in plasma tonicity that usually comes to clinical attention as hypernatremia. Although often used interchangeably, it is important to distinguish one from the other. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill 2001:415-46.ĭehydration and volume depletion are not the same, although they can coexist in the same patient at the same time. In: Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Without proper assessment and timely resuscitation, volume depletion can lead to circulatory collapse and shock. Fluid assessment and management at the emergency department. It may result from renal losses (diuresis) or extrarenal losses (from the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, skin, fever, sepsis, or third-space sequestration). Seldin and Giebisch's the kidney: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiological principles in the clinical evaluation of electrolyte, water, and acid-base disorders. The rational clinical examination: is this patient hypovolemic? JAMA. Language guiding therapy: the case of dehydration versus volume depletion. Volume depletion is a reduction in extracellular fluid volume that occurs when salt and fluid losses exceed intake on a sustained basis. Balanced crystalloids may be preferable to normal saline in critically ill patients in intensive care and are recommended in patients with sepsis or septic shock. In most situations, isotonic crystalloid is the best initial treatment for volume depletion. May be accompanied by electrolyte disturbance or acid-base disturbance. Signs and symptoms may include some of the following: postural dizziness, fatigue, confusion, muscle cramps, chest pain, abdominal pain, postural hypotension, or tachycardia.Ĭlinical symptoms usually do not manifest until large fluid losses have occurred. The most common etiologies are hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, diuresis, or third-space sequestration.Ī detailed history and physical exam are crucial in determining the etiology. Volume depletion is characterized by a reduction in extracellular fluid volume that occurs when salt and fluid losses exceed intake on a sustained basis.
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8/31/2023 0 Comments 2017 islamic calendar usaThis dependence on astronomical observations makes it difficult to predict the length of Islamic months. The traditional version of the Islamic calendar requires an authorized person or committee to make an actual sighting of the Crescent Moon to determine the length of each month. How accurate are different calendar systems? Difficult to Predict An Islamic year consistently falls about 11 days short of the solar year.įor that reason, the Islamic calendar cannot be used for agriculture or other activities traditionally linked to the seasons, and most Muslim countries officially use the Gregorian calendar as their civil calendar alongside the Hijri system. Unlike other calendar systems that use leap days or leap months to synchronize the calendar with the solar year, the Islamic calendar is completely detached from astronomical seasons, which are marked by the equinoxes and solstices. The Waxing Crescent Moon is the Moon phase which starts right after a New Moon. A new month can only begin after a Waxing Crescent Moon is observed shortly after sunset. The timing of the months in the Islamic calendar is based on astronomical observation. This Moon cycle encompasses all the phases of the Moon. Each month lasts for a full lunation, which is the time span from one New Moon to the next. The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar whose time reckoning is tied to the Moon phases. The Hijri calendar is not to be confused with the Solar Hijri calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan. Business Date to Date (exclude holidays). NOTICE: MAKE SURE TO HAVE YOUR ANTIVIRUS DISABLED, NOT DOING SO RESULTS INTO THE GAME YOU ARE INSTALLING TO CRASH AND NOT OPEN. YOU MUST HAVE DIRECTX INSTALLED TO AVOID DLL ERRORS. Don’t forget to run the game as administrator. If you encounter any problems, run the game as administrator and be sure to update your video drivers and have DirectX installed which you can get here.Ĭlick the download torrent button below to start your Farming Simulator 17 Free Download.
8/31/2023 0 Comments Classic falcon marvel comicsThe character had two stories in the comics anthology series Marvel Comics Presents, including one by Moench that ran in the series' first eight issues in 1988, and co-starred in the Moon Knight Special (1992). Shang-Chi had two more short series: the Master of Kung Fu: Bleeding Black one-shot issue (1990) and the MAX miniseries Master of Kung Fu: Hellfire Apocalypse (2002) with artist Paul Gulacy on art again. He appeared regularly in The Deadly Hands of Kung Fu. The character did several crossovers with other Marvel martial artists, including the White Tiger, Iron Fist and the Daughters of the Dragon ( Colleen Wing and Misty Knight). Special Collector's Edition #1 (1975) cover-titled as "Savage Fists of Kung Fu" reprinted stories from The Deadly Hands of Kung Fu #1–2 The Deadly Hands of Kung Fu Special #1 and Special Marvel Edition #15. Amidst the martial arts craze in the United States in the 1970s, the book became very popular, surviving until issue #125 (June 1983), a solid run that included four Giant-Size issues and one Annual. He appeared again in issue #16, and with issue #17 (April 1974) the publication was retitled The Hands of Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu. Shang-Chi first appeared in Special Marvel Edition #15 (December 1973). Shang-Chi first appeared in Special Marvel Edition #15 (December 1973), art by Jim Starlin and Al Milgrom Īccording to Englehart, his name was influenced by his study of the I-Ching, composed of 升 (shēng), meaning "ascending", and chi, meaning vital energy. With artist Paul Gulacy, Shang-Chi's visual appearance was modeled after that of Bruce Lee. No characters from the Kung Fu television series were officially included in the comic series, though in the #19 issue the character Lu Sun bore such a strong resemblance to Kwai Chang Caine that to avoid copyright issues, the character was given a mustache throughout the issue. Starlin left the series after #17 (replaced by Paul Gulacy) and Englehart after #19 (replaced by Doug Moench). James Petrie and Fah Lo Suee) were Rohmer creations. Though an original character himself, many of Shang-Chi's supporting characters (most notably Dr. They developed Shang-Chi, a master of kung fu, who was introduced as a previously unknown son of Dr. Fu Manchu, as Marvel had previously acquired the comic book rights to the character, and made their protagonist half-white. Editor-in-chief Roy Thomas agreed, but only if they would include the Sax Rohmer's pulp villain Dr. The duo then approached Marvel Comics with the idea to create a kung fu-focused original comic. DC Comics, however, was not interested in their pitch, believing the show's and the martial arts genre popularity would fade quickly. In the early 1970s, writer Steve Englehart and artist Jim Starlin approached DC Comics to adapt the television series Kung Fu into a comic book, as DC's parent company, Warner Communications, owned the rights to the series. Shang-Chi made his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), where he is portrayed by Simu Liu. Fu Manchu was underplayed after Marvel lost the comic book rights to the latter's character to get around this problem, the publisher eventually renamed Shang-Chi's father Zheng Zu. Shang-Chi was spun off from novelist Sax Rohmer's licensed property as the unknown son of fictional villain Dr. Shang-Chi later assumes leadership of the Five Weapons Society and acquires the Ten Rings weapons. Described as the greatest martial artist alive, Shang-Chi has been trained since birth to be the ultimate fighter with a specialization in various unarmed and weaponry-based wushu styles, including the use of the gùn, nunchaku, and jian. The character was created by writer Steve Englehart and artist Jim Starlin, debuting in Special Marvel Edition #15 (December 1973) in the Bronze Age of Comic Books, and starring in his own solo title until 1983. Zheng Shang-Chi ( English: / dʒ ʌ ŋ ʃ ɑː ŋ ˈ tʃ iː/ JUNG shahng- CHEE), also known as the Master of Kung Fu and Brother Hand, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Mystical energy generation, manipulation and projection.Projectile attacks and chain generation.Superhuman strength, speed, durability and stamina. GAA, along with the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and Lesbian Feminist activists, made major transformations in the politics of sexuality and gender in the United States.Īmong the many activist groups that worked to archive this history was the International Gay Information Center (IGIC), which grew out of the History Committee of GAA. In the wake of the Stonewall Riots in 1969, the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) was formed in New York City by an alliance of both veteran and youth activists. This activist impulse spread nationwide, but did not reach critical mass until the late 1960s due to the influence of the African American civil rights, feminist, and anti-war student movements. Gays and lesbians in the United States began to mobilize politically in the 1950s with the founding of the Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis in California. Gay-In in Central Park, New York City 87.Daughters of Bilitis feminist workshop et al., New York City 29.NOW Panel on Lesbianism and Women's Liberation 102.Gay Liberation Front march on Times Square, New York City, 1969 34.Gay Liberation Front picketing at the Time-Life Building, New York 99.Greenwich Village, New York City, September 1969 68.Patrick’s Cathedral demonstration, New York City 119 San Francisco, Berkeley gay liberation 101.New York University Weinstein Hall demonstration 333.Demonstration at City Hall, New York City, in support of gay rights bill "Intro 475" 77.Gay Liberation Front -House of Detention demonstration 118."Hold Hands" demonstration at the George Washington Bridge 37.Gay Activists Alliance protest and sit-in at New York State Republican headquarters, New York City, 1970 82.Gay Activists Alliance Firehouse Dance 79.Christopher Street Liberation Day, 1971 46.Christopher Street Liberation Day, 1970 352.Candlelight March, 1970 December 24 138.Gay Activist Alliance protest march and demonstration against Mafia-controlled gay bars and police harassment, August 1971 108. "The Homosexual" exhibition at the Gallery of Erotic Art, 1970 March 36. A list of primitive polynomials can be found on Wikipedia. Use this syntax to generate a recipe using code that you extract from source. The second step verifies that $x^$ for every prime divisor $p$ of $2^n-1$ – this step requires factoring $2^n-1$. You can use this version number to specify this exact version of the layer. How do we test whether a given polynomial $P$ of degree $n$ is primitive? The first step is verifying that it is irreducible. As far as I know, there is no explicit construction of primitive polynomials. Since you dont provide it yourself, std::defaultrandomengine uses the same seed when default constructed. There are algorithms for deciding whether a trinomial, or any other polynomial, is primitive. The polynomials that you give as examples are known as trinomials, polynomials with three non-zero monomials. In both types of LFSR, the resulting sequence has maximum period iff the feedback polynomial is primitive. There is also an alternative kind of LFSR knows as a "Galois" LFSR, also described in Wikipedia, which is dual to a Fibonacci LFSR: at each point, the contents of the register is shifted, and if the bit which is shifted out is 1, then a mask is XORed to the contents. The correct way to implement a "Fibonacci" LFSR is explained in the Wikipedia article: $b_1$ should be the leftmost bit rather than the rightmost bit. The LFSR that you give is really of length $4$ rather than $5$, since $b_1$ never gets used. Following is the circuit diagram for (5, 2, 0)ġ) What is the exact procedure to convert the given polynomial into a maximal length LFSR?Ģ) How do I determine the correct tap bits for a given polynomial? While it should have yielded a sequence with period 2^5 -1 = 31. Section 1: Questions about the Service and Software. This page contains frequently asked questions (and answers) related to the service. When I tried to apply this same logic to the primitive polynomial (5, 2, 0) (corresponding to polynomial $x^5 + x^2 + 1$) it yields a sequence with period 15. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) RANDOM.ORG is a true random number service that generates randomness via atmospheric noise. Similarly I have tried primitive polynomial given by (3, 1, 0) (corresponding to polynomial $x^3 + x + 1$) by tapping at bits 3 and 1 and it has resulted in a sequence of period $2^3$ - 1 = 7. I have tried to generate the pseudo random sequence for the primitive polynomial (4,1,0) (corresponding to polynomial $x^4 + x + 1$) by tapping at bits 4 and 1, and it has resulted in a sequence with a period of $2^4$ - 1 = 15. If probabilistic expressions are used in attribute overrides, the random number generator was affected by the order of appearance of. I have read from many sources that the length of the pseudo random sequence generated from the LFSR would be maximum if and only if the corresponding feedback polynomial is primitive. I was trying to generate maximal length pseudo random sequence using an linear feedback shift register ( LFSR). 8/31/2023 0 Comments Southwest airlines pilot flag tieThe loss was the airline's first since going public in 2002. JetBlue experienced its first-ever quarterly loss during the fourth quarter of 2005 when the airline lost $42.4 million, enough to make them unprofitable for the entire year of 2005. The union organizing petition was dismissed by the National Mediation Board because fewer than 35 percent of eligible employees supported an election. In addition in 2006, the IAM ( International Association of Machinists) attempted to unionize JetBlue's "ramp service workers", in a move that was described by JetBlue's COO Dave Barger as "pretty hypocritical", as the IAM opposed JetBlue's creation when it was founded as New Air in 1998. Despite this, the airline continued to add planes and routes to the fleet at a brisk pace. įor many years, analysts had predicted that JetBlue's growth rate would become unsustainable. In addition, with higher costs related to the airline's numerous amenities, JetBlue was becoming less competitive. Operational issues, fuel prices, and low fares, JetBlue's hallmark, were bringing its financial performance down. In October 2005, JetBlue's quarterly profit had plunged from US$8.1 million to $2.7 million largely due to rising fuel costs. Song has since been disbanded and was reabsorbed by Delta Air Lines and Ted reabsorbed by United. The airline sector responded to JetBlue and Southwest's market presence by starting mini-rival carriers: Delta Air Lines started Song and United Airlines launched another rival called Ted. The company's planned initial public offering was put on hold due to the attacks and subsequent downturn. airlines that made a profit during the sharp downturn in airline travel following the September 11 attacks. The idea was dropped after threats from investor JP Morgan to pull its share ($40 million of the total $128 million) of the airline's initial funding unless the name was changed. JetBlue's founders had set out to call the airline " Taxi" and therefore have a yellow livery to associate the airline with New York. It commenced operations on February 11, 2000, with services to Buffalo and Fort Lauderdale. Kennedy International Airport and received its USDOT CPCN authorization in February 2000. In September 1999, the airline was awarded 75 initial take-off/landing slots at John F. JetBlue sought to primarily use the Airbus A320 family to ease maintenance, a similar approach Southwest takes with the Boeing 737. JetBlue started by following Southwest's approach of offering low-cost travel, but sought to distinguish itself by its amenities, such as in-flight entertainment, TV at every seat, and Sirius XM satellite radio. David Neeleman founded the company in August 1999, under the name "NewAir". JetBlue was incorporated in Delaware in August 1998 with its headquarters in Forest Hills, Queens. JetBlue has codeshare agreements with member airlines of Oneworld, SkyTeam, and Star Alliance. JetBlue operates over 1,000 flights daily and serves 100 domestic and international network destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America, and Europe. It also maintains corporate offices in Utah and Florida. JetBlue, stylized as jetBlue, is a United States low-cost airline headquartered in the Long Island City neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens. 8/31/2023 0 Comments Dorinda medley socialiteLizzo claims worsen: Oscar-nominee Sophia Nahli Allison labels singer 'a narcissistic bully who has built her brand off lies'Īnton Du Beke is praised by Life Stories viewers for his 'courage as he opens up about childhood abuse and if you truly love your partner, you should too!
8/31/2023 0 Comments Western blot vs elisa sensitivityThere is also the possibility that endogenous phosphatases will react with AP substrates. The disadvantages of either HRP or AP system are interferences, such as azides for HRP or phosphate buffers for AP. Generally, dilution factors for the AP 2° antibodies can be greater than with HRP antibodies, thus saving reagents. The signal from AP substrates is very stable and can last up to several days, which can be useful if multiple exposures are needed. The signal from AP substrates, however, gradually increases over time with a signal plateau around 60 minutes. The maximum signal generated from HRP substrates is very fast, often within 5 minutes. Chemiluminescent substrates for both HRP and AP are very sensitive and can allow picogram to femtogram level detection. The most common reporter enzymes are horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP). In chemiluminescent Western blotting, the reporter enzyme is conjugated to the secondary antibody. One useful starting point in selecting the right chemiluminescent substrate is deciding which reporter enzyme will be used. The key factors to consider are the level of sensitivity desired, the reporter enzyme used, cost of reagents, versatility, and the nature of the experiment to be performed. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version ( )Īnd/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables.Choosing the right substrate for chemiluminescent Western blotting may be a daunting task, given the multitude of options available. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as ofĪll HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. Provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or implyĮndorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S.ĭepartment of Health and Human Services. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Silver Spring, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration 2019. FDA clears new indications for existing Lyme disease tests that may help streamline diagnoses. CrossRef external icon PubMed external icon Collection and characterization of samples for establishment of a serum repository for Lyme disease diagnostic test development and evaluation. Notice to readers: recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. Washington, DC: Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors 1994. In: proceedings of the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease October 27–29, 1994 Dearborn, MI. Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors.Clearance by FDA of the new Lyme disease assays indicates that test performance has been evaluated and is “substantially equivalent to or better than” a legally marketed predicate test. The modified methodology uses a second EIA in place of a western immunoblot assay. On July 29, 2019, FDA cleared several Lyme disease serologic assays with new indications for use based on a modified two-test methodology ( 4). To assist serologic test developers, CDC has made available, with support from NIH, a comprehensive panel of sera from patients with various stages of Lyme disease and other conditions, as well as healthy persons ( 3). Regarding the development of future tests, the report advised that evaluation of new serologic assays include blind testing against a comprehensive challenge panel, and that new assays should only be recommended if their specificity, sensitivity, and precision equaled or surpassed the performance of tests used in the recommended two-test procedure. The conference proceedings recommended a two-test methodology using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or immunofluorescence assay as a first test, followed by a western immunoblot assay for specimens yielding positive or equivocal results ( 1, 2). In 1994, the Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards convened the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease ( 1). Lyme disease is a tickborne zoonosis for which serologic testing is the principal means of laboratory diagnosis. |
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